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Gorgeous image of Venus snapped by the Parker Solar Probe on its way past

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When flying past Venus in July 2020, Parker Solar Probe’s WISPR instrument, short for Wide-field Imager for Parker Solar Probe, detected a bright rim around the edge of the planet that may be nightglow — light emitted by oxygen atoms high in the atmosphere that recombine into molecules in the nightside. The prominent dark feature in the center of the image is Aphrodite Terra, the largest highland region on the Venusian surface. Bright streaks in WISPR, such as the ones seen here, are typically caused by a combination of charged particles — called cosmic rays — sunlight reflected by grains of space dust, and particles of material expelled from the spacecraft’s structures after impact with those dust grains. The number of streaks varies along the orbit or when the spacecraft is traveling at different speeds, and scientists are still in discussion about the specific origins of the streaks here. The dark spot appearing on the lower portion of Venus is an artifact from the WISPR instrument.
When flying past Venus in July 2020, Parker Solar Probe’s WISPR instrument, short for Wide-field Imager for Parker Solar Probe, detected a bright rim around the edge of the planet that may be nightglow — light emitted by oxygen atoms high in the atmosphere that recombine into molecules in the nightside. NASA/Johns Hopkins APL/Naval Research Laboratory/Guillermo Stenborg and Brendan Gallagher

NASA has shared this gorgeous image of Venus, captured by the Parker Solar Probe on a flyby of the planet in July last year. The probe’s main mission is to explore the sun up close and learn about its corona, but it also regularly passes Venus as it uses the planet’s gravity to adjust its orbit. The researchers staffing the mission don’t let these flybys go to waste, and use the probe’s instruments to learn about Venus as well on their way by.

This image was captured by the Wide-field Imager for Parker Solar Probe instrument, or WISPR, when the probe was under 8,000 miles away from Venus. It even revealed something unexpected. Venus is covered in thick clouds and WISPR is designed to take photos inside the sun’s corona, so the researchers weren’t expecting the instrument to be able to penetrate the Venusian atmosphere. But in fact, it was able to peek through the clouds and see the planet’s surface.

“WISPR is tailored and tested for visible-light observations. We expected to see clouds, but the camera peered right through to the surface,” said Angelos Vourlidas, the WISPR project scientist from the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL), in a statement. The image shows a ring of brightness around the planet which is thought to be nightglow — a faint light emission coming from oxygen in the atmosphere.

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The image of Venus looked similar to those captured by the Japanese Akatsuki mission, which images at near-infrared wavelengths. That suggests that WISPR may be able to use this unexpected ability to study dust around the sun. In addition, data can now be shared between the Parker Solar Probe and Akatsuki missions to learn more about Venus.

“We are really looking forward to these new images,” said Javier Peralta, a planetary scientist from the Akatsuki team. “If WISPR can sense the thermal emission from the surface of Venus and nightglow — most likely from oxygen — at the limb of the planet, it can make valuable contributions to studies of the Venusian surface.”

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Georgina Torbet
Georgina Torbet
Space Writer
Georgina is the Digital Trends space writer, covering human space exploration, planetary science, and cosmology. She…
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